Breaking the Fourth Wall

Ang term na “Breaking the Fourth Wall” ay nagmula sa physical layout ng isang traditional theatre stage.

The Three Walls

Sa isang nakasanayan na stage set na dinisenyo para magmukhang isang silid (tinatawag na “box set”), mayroong tatlong physical na wall: ang back wall (likod) at ang dalawang side walls (kaliwa’t kanan).

The Fourth Wall

Ang fourth wall ay ang imaginary, invisible barrier na naghihiwalay sa stage at mga actors mula sa kanilang audience. Ang convention ay ang mga actors ay kumikilos na parang solid ang pader na ito at hindi nila nakikita ang mga audience na nanonood sa kanila; ang mga audience naman ay kinakalimutan pansamantala ang tunay na mundo at nagpapadala sa daloy ng mundo ng pinapanood nilang play.

Breaking It

Kapag ang isang character ay direktang humarap o nakipag-usap sa audience, o direktang tumingin sa camera sa pelikula/TV, o kaya ay kinilala ang presence ng audience, sila ay masasabing “breaking” o lumampas sa imaginary fourth wall, at sumira o bumasag sa illusion ng fictional na mundo.

Historical Context

Ang concept na ito ay madalas iniuugnay sa 18th-century French philosopher at critic na si Denis Diderot, na nagmungkahi noong 1758 na ang mga actors ay dapat na:

“Imagine a huge wall across the front of the stage, separating you from the audience, and behave exactly as if the curtain had never risen.”


Ang idea na ito ang naging established convention sa pag-usbong ng realism at naturalism noong 19th-century theater, na naging dahilan kaya ang akto na pakikipag-usap sa audience (na common sa mga lumang forms tulad ng Shakespearean soliloquies) ay tinuturing na deliberate, dramatic, o comedic na technique — kaya masasabing, “breaking” ng nasabing convention.

breaking the fourth wall
Walang kuwentang diagram na ginawa ko sa Photoshop

Breaking the Fourth Wall in Movies

Narito ang ilang cool at memorable fourth-wall breaks sa pelikula — may nakakatawa, may matalino, lahat iconic.

All Deadpool Movies

Ang signature trait ni Deadpool, ay rekta niyang kinakausap ang audience, nagsasabi siya ng mga pop culture references, at ina-acknowledge niya na siya ay character sa movie, comic, o video game. Ang technique na ito ay isang integral part ng kanyang mga pelikula na madalas ginagawa na may humor at meta-commentary. Pero may mga strict rules kung sino lang ang puwede gumawa nito. Ayon sa mga directors at kay Ryan Reynolds, si Deadpool lang ang character na pinahihintulutang mag-break the fourth wall, ayon sa specific system at rules nila para sa mga pelikulang ito.

deadpool breaking the 4th wall
Deadpool - © 2016 20th Century Fox | Disney

Deadpool: “Oh, hello. I know, right? Whose balls did I have to fondle to get my very own movie? I can’t tell you, but it does rhyme with “Polverine.

deadpool 2 breaking the 4th wall
Deadpool 2 - © 2018 20th Century Fox | Marvel Entertainment

Deadpool: “X-Force is just a marketing tool designed by Fox executives to keep Josh Brolin employed.

Deadpool & Wolverine - © 2024 Marvel Studios

Nicepool: “Ah, that’s funny. I can gently tap the fourth wall too – ‘The Proposal.’

Ferris Bueller’s Day Off

Ang main character na si Ferris, ay nakikipag-usap ng rekta sa audience, tumitingin sa camera, at shini-share niya ang kanyang iniisip at mga plano sa viewers. Ang narrative device na ito ay nakakahatak sa audience sa kanyang pananaw, ang kanyang mga plano ay nagiging mas personal, at nagsilbi din itong key element ng comedic style ng pelikula. Isang example ay ang post-credit scene kung saan sinasabi ni Ferris sa audience na tapos na ang pelikula at maaari na silang umuwi.

Ferris Bueller's Day Off - © 1986 Paramount Pictures

Ferris: “You’re still here? It’s over. Go home. Go.

Ang eksena na ito ay ni-parody din sa pelikulang Deadpool.

deadpool breaking the 4th wall 2
Deadpool - © 2016 20th Century Fox | Disney

Deadpool: “You’re still here? It’s over. Go home. Oh, you’re expecting a teaser for Deadpool 2. Well, we don’t have that kind of money. What are you expecting? Sam Jackson to show up? With an eye patch and a saucy little leather number? Go. Go. Oh. But I can tell you one thing, and it’s a bit of a secret. For the sequel, we’re gonna have Cable. Amazing character. Bionic arm, time travel. We have no idea who we’re gonna cast yet, but it could be anybody. Just need a big guy with a flat top. Could be Mel Gibson, Dolph Lundgren… Keira Knightley. She’s got range. Who knows. Anyway, big secret. Shh… Oh, and don’t leave your garbage all lying around. It’s a total dick move. Go.

Fight Club

Ang Fight Club ay nag-break the fourth wall gamit ang ilang sinadyang techniques. Pinaka-popular dito ay nang i-point out ng narrator ang cigarette burn sa mismong pelikula. Ang mga sandaling ito ay direktang pag-address sa audience, at ipinapaalala sa kanila na kilalanin ang pelikula bilang isang manufactured product na umaayon sa tema ng pelikula tungkol sa pangmamaliit sa control at structure.

Fight Club - © 1999 20th Century Studios

Narrator: “See, a movie doesn’t come all on one big reel. It comes on a few. So someone has to be there to switch the projectors at the exact moment that one reel ends and the next one begins. If you look for it, you can see these little dots come into the upper right-hand corner of the screen. In the industry, we call them ‘cigarette burns.’  That’s the cue for a changeover. He flips the projectors, movie keeps right on going, and nobody in the audience has any idea.

Annie Hall

Sa pelikulang Annie Hall, ang pag-break ng fourth wall ay central, postmodern narrative device na ginamit ng character ni Woody na si Alvy Singer, para makipag-usap ng direkta sa audience, magbigay ng commentary sa kanyang buhay at relasyon, at i-blur ang lines sa pagitan ng fiction at reality. Ang diskarteng ito ay ginawa ang audience na kasabwat sa kanyang mga experiences at nagbigay ng mas malalim na pananaw sa kanyang neurotic character. Isang example ay ang eksena ni Alvy at Annie habang nakapila sa isang pelikula. Nairita si Alvy sa opinyon ng lalaki na nasa likod niya. Humarap si Alvy sa camera at nagreklamo, at pagkatapos ay kinuha niya ang totoong Marshall McLuhan mula sa off-camera para personal na pabulaanan ang maling paratang sa kanya.

annie hall breaking the 4th wall
Annie Hall - © 1977 United Artists Corporation

Alvy Singer: “What do you do when you get stuck in a movie line with a guy like this behind?
Guy: “Why can’t I give my opinion? It’s a free country.
Alvy Singer: “Do you have to give it so loud? Aren’t you ashamed to pontificate like that? The funny part is, you don’t know anything about Marshall McLuhan.
Guy: “Really? I happen to teach a class at Columbia called TV, Media and Culture. So I think my insights into Mr. McLuhan have a great deal of validity.
Alvy Singer: “Oh, do you? That’s funny, because I happen to have Mr. McLuhan right here. Just let me… Come over here a second.
Marshall McLuhan: “I heard what you were saying. You know nothing of my work. You mean my whole fallacy is wrong. How you ever got to teach a course in anything is totally amazing.
Alvy Singer: “Boy, if life were only like this!

Spaceballs

Ang Spaceballs ay ang pelikulang dinirek (at pinagbidahan) ng master of meta-comedy na si Mel Brooks, at inabuso niya ang pag-break ng fourth wall para sa comedic effect. Isang sikat na example ay nang ang mga characters sa pelikula ay pinanood ang mismong pelikula na “Spaceballs: The Movie” na nasa isang instant cassette.

spaceballs breaking the 4th wall
Spaceballs - © 1987 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Brooksfilms

Colonel Sandurz: “Pardon me, sir. I have an idea. Corporal, get me the video cassette of Spaceballs: The Movie.
Corporal: “Yes, sir. ‘The Producers, Twelve Chairs, Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein.
Lord Dark Helmet: “Colonel Sandurz, may I speak with you, please?
Colonel Sandurz: “Yes, sir.
Lord Dark Helmet: “How can there be a cassette of Spaceballs: The Movie? We’re still in the middle of making it.
Colonel Sandurz: “True, sir. There’s been a new breakthrough in home video marketing.
Lord Dark Helmet: “There has?
Colonel Sandurz: “Yes. Instant cassettes. They’re out in stores before the movie is finished.
Lord Dark Helmet: “No.
Corporal: “Here it is, sir! Spaceballs.

MCU 4th Wall Breaks

Narito ang compilation ng mga fourth wall breaks ng Marvel Cinematic Universe na galing mismo sa Marvel Entertainment YouTube channel.

Bonus: Breaking 16 Walls

Sa pelikulang Deadpool, may eksena na nagkukuwento si Deadpool sa audience (breaking the fourth wall), tapos nag flashback siya kay blind Al at kinausap niya ulit ang audience sa flashback (another breaking the fourth wall) kaya nasabi niyang “Fourth-wall break inside a fourth-wall break. That’s like 16 walls.” Sabi nang iba eh 64th wall breaks daw dapat dahil pagkatapos niya banggitin ang 16 walls eh nabanggit niya sina Batman at Robin (ng DC Universe) na isa na namang fourth wall break.

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